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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*be.lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of salmon (Salmo taimen)face="Times New Roman Star"âèä ëîñîñÿ


face="Times New Roman Star"bil







face="Times New Roman Star"bel

face="Times New Roman Star"bil
face="Times New Roman Star"bel










face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 179.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/ylgan / *Karlyganface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"currantface="Times New Roman Star"ñìîðîäèíà


face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|an






face="Times New Roman Star"qazyrg|an, qazyr qat (Âåðá.)face="Times New Roman Star"qazylg|an
face="Times New Roman Star"xorlúg|an

face="Times New Roman Star"qazylg|anface="Times New Roman Star"qazylg|an

face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|anface="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|an (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 309-310, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 367.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAr(a)guface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"reedface="Times New Roman Star"òðîñòíèê
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"karg|y
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH), g|arqu (Áîð. Áàä.), g|araw (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|ro|w

face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|yface="Times New Roman Star"GarGy


face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|oface="Times New Roman Star"xorg|ux 'îñîò ïîëåâîé, ìîëî÷àé' ( < *Korgag|u with secondary -x; Àøì. XVI, 194: xur xuxi, xur xuxxi, xor xúvúx)













face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 306.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.dyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"pine treeface="Times New Roman Star"ñîñíà









face="Times New Roman Star"xara-xazy


face="Times New Roman Star"xyrúface="Times New Roman Star"kytyan 'juniper'
face="Times New Roman Star"xadyface="Times New Roman Star"xady









face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 291-292, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 179. Most languages reflect the compound *Kara-ka.dy (borrowed in Mong. as qarag|ai 'larch').
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAn|yr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to bendface="Times New Roman Star"ãíóòü

face="Times New Roman Star"kanyr-

face="Times New Roman Star"qe|nir- (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"Ganyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Gan|yr-face="Times New Roman Star"xa:ri-tart- 'to change direction, turn sharply'

















face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 194-195.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"gsu"nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"napeface="Times New Roman Star"çàòûëîêface="Times New Roman Star"su"sgu"n (OUygh.) 'backside, rump'
face="Times New Roman Star"su"gsu"n, su"jsu"n (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) su"ksu"n (AH)


face="Times New Roman Star"su"jsu"n


face="Times New Roman Star"su"skenek















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 856, Ëåêñèêà 234-235, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.nkajface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of ungulates (less than 1-year-old)face="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø êîïûòíûõ æèâîòíûõ (äî ãîäà)











face="Times New Roman Star"anaj

face="Times New Roman Star"yn|a:x 'young of ungulates and bears'
face="Times New Roman Star"anaj, Todzh. a'najface="Times New Roman Star"anhaj









face="Times New Roman Star"Ðàññàäèí 154.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAlbaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wild garlic, leekface="Times New Roman Star"÷åðåìøàface="Times New Roman Star"? qalma 'a k. of food' (Rach.)








face="Times New Roman Star"xalbaface="Times New Roman Star"qalbaface="Times New Roman Star"qalma



face="Times New Roman Star"xylba










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 227. Cf. an OT (MK) Hapax keleb 'a tender plant which grows in the Turk's summer pastures and fattens livestock quickly' (EDT 716), keleb-le- 'to be covered by this plant (of a mountain)', for which cf. also Sak. kalarba" 'a k. of plant, whose root is used in medicine' (Bailey 35). See also Ñòåáëèí-Êàìåíñêèé 1982, 77, comparing the Sak. form with Pers., Tadzh. kalam 'cabbage' (> Turkm. kelem) - these all may be variously transformed substratum loanwords, cf. also Greek kramba": 'cabbage, radish, rutabaga' - according to Frisk possibly < Pelasg.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":ku"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hole in iceface="Times New Roman Star"ïîëûíüÿ

face="Times New Roman Star"o"g|u"
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"



face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju"



face="Times New Roman Star"vagú




face="Times New Roman Star"u"ki




face="Times New Roman Star"u"ki

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 517, VEWT 370.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"bru"gface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"drumface="Times New Roman Star"áàðàáàíface="Times New Roman Star"ku"bru"g (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ku"vru"g (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kewru"g (Osm.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar.) ku"wru" (Qutb), ku"vru"g (IM)























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 690-691.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:pface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 caul 2 virgin's hymen 3 scrotum 4 bladder 5 afterbirthface="Times New Roman Star"1 îáîëî÷êà ïëîäà 2 äåâñòâåííàÿ ïëåâà 3 ìîøîíêà 4 ïóçûðü 5 ïîñëåä
face="Times New Roman Star"qap (MK) 1, qapaq (MK) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qapc?yq 3, 4






face="Times New Roman Star"qabyc?aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qapc?yq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pc?ek 5

face="Times New Roman Star"xapc?yq 3










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 578, 583; ÝÑÒß 5, 266-267 (the root should be probably distinguished from the homonymous *Ka:p 'sack, cover' q. v. sub *k[a:]p`a/).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Eltiriface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"skin of kid or lambface="Times New Roman Star"øêóðà êîçëåíêà èëè ÿãíåíêà, êàðàêóëü
face="Times New Roman Star"elri, eldiri (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"elteri (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ilti>rface="Times New Roman Star"eltirik (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ltera"

face="Times New Roman Star"elteri, elter (dial.)









face="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>face="Times New Roman Star"eltiriface="Times New Roman Star"ilti>rface="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>, eltir

face="Times New Roman Star"eltiri
face="Times New Roman Star"eltirface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, ÝÑÒß 1, 269-270.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to blowface="Times New Roman Star"äóòüface="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"r-face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (Pav. C., AH, Houts.), hu"r- (R.)




face="Times New Roman Star"u"r-
face="Times New Roman Star"u"r-
face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|r-face="Times New Roman Star"u"r-face="Times New Roman Star"u"r-face="Times New Roman Star"u"r-

face="Times New Roman Star"u"r-face="Times New Roman Star"u"r-face="Times New Roman Star"o"r-

face="Times New Roman Star"u"r-face="Times New Roman Star"u"r-

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 195-196, ÝÑÒß 1, 635-636, Stachowski 253.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jabl/anface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wormwoodface="Times New Roman Star"ïîëûíü
face="Times New Roman Star"japc?an, javc?an (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"jaws?an



face="Times New Roman Star"jovs?an






face="Times New Roman Star"c?as?pan










face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 53-55, EDT 872.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(j)ip-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"violet-coloured, purpleface="Times New Roman Star"ôèîëåòîâûé, áîðäîâûéface="Times New Roman Star"jipin, jipginface="Times New Roman Star"jipkil (MK)











face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|pk@w|n 'deep-coloured'

face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpen|






face="Times New Roman Star"ipkin


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 877, 874, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 197.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kur/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"Northern slopeface="Times New Roman Star"ñåâåðíûé ñêëîíface="Times New Roman Star"quz (Yen.); qury 'West' (Orkh.),face="Times New Roman Star"quz (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koz, guz (dial.), kuzej
face="Times New Roman Star"quz (AH, Pav. C.), quzaj (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"quzface="Times New Roman Star"qozan 'sunset' (Mal.)face="Times New Roman Star"Guzejface="Times New Roman Star"Guzajface="Times New Roman Star"xosxar 'Polar star'
face="Times New Roman Star"qusqaj (Áàñê. Òóáà)















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 305, EDT 680, ÝÑÒß 6, 106-107.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bEd-le (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"such, similar, soface="Times New Roman Star"òàêîé, ïîäîáíûé, òàêèì îáðàçîì
face="Times New Roman Star"bo"jle (Tefs.)face="Times New Roman Star"bo"jle, (dial.) bele; (dial.) bile-m 'myself' etc.
face="Times New Roman Star"bejle, bo"jle (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"bejla", bela", dial. bila"-m 'myself' etc.face="Times New Roman Star"bejle

face="Times New Roman Star"bejde (Kumd.)face="Times New Roman Star"bila"-m, bila"-si, bila"-miz 'myself, himself, ourselves' etc. ( < Az.)














face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 107-108. Cf. perhaps also Yak. bet-tex (Dolg. bettek) 'here, closely', Yak., Dolg. betere: 'this, nearest side' (although it may go back to *bet 'face'; derivation < *be-ru" 'this side' in ÝÑÒß 2, 124, followed by Stachowski 59, is hardly plausible). The sometimes proposed explanation as *bu ile, i.e. "together with it" or "by means of it" is not quite acceptable for semantic reasons. As for the Oghuz variants with a labialized vowels, they may have an assimilative origin. But on the whole the attribution of the Turkic form is still dubious (although the semantic derivation "similar, such as" < "face, looks" seems to be quite common in Altaic).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tydynface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"time, appointed timeface="Times New Roman Star"ñðîêface="Times New Roman Star"tydyn (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tyd|yn



















face="Times New Roman Star"tyna (3 Sg. Dat.) 'ïðîìåæóòîê ðàáî÷åãî âðåìåíè îò îäíîé ïåðåäûøêè äî äðóãîé'





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 457.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAdna- ( ? -j-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to long forface="Times New Roman Star"æåëàòü, ñòðåìèòüñÿ








face="Times New Roman Star"jajna- dial. 'to suffer, worry'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna-face="Times New Roman Star"jajna-, d/ajna- 'to pine'















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 179, ÝÑÒß 4, 80. The stem seems to be distinct from the homonymous *jadna- ( ? *jajna-) 'to be spread; be wide open (eyes)' which may be derived from *jA:d- 'spread' q. v. sub *z?|a:dV (see ÝÑÒß 4, 79); let us note, however, that many of the reflexes of the latter may actually reflect our *jadna- 'to long for, miss' (cf. especially Kirgh. z?|ajna- 'to stare with envy and hope', Tur. jajna- 'to live in prosperity' etc.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sygface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"shallowface="Times New Roman Star"ìåëêèéface="Times New Roman Star"syq (syg|) (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sy:, syq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"syg|













face="Times New Roman Star"sy:k










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 415, EDT 804, ÝÑÒß 7.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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