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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*be.l face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of salmon (Salmo taimen) face="Times New Roman Star"âèä ëîñîñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"bil face="Times New Roman Star"bel face="Times New Roman Star"bil face="Times New Roman Star"bel face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 179.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/ylgan / *Karlygan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"currant face="Times New Roman Star"ñìîðîäèíà face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|an face="Times New Roman Star"qazyrg|an, qazyr qat (Âåðá. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qazylg|an face="Times New Roman Star"xorlúg|an face="Times New Roman Star"qazylg|an face="Times New Roman Star"qazylg|an face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|an face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|an (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 309-310, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 367.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAr(a)gu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"reed face="Times New Roman Star"òðîñòíèê face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"karg|y face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH ), g|arqu (Áîð. Áàä. ), g|araw (Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|ro|w face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|y face="Times New Roman Star"GarGy face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|o face="Times New Roman Star"xorg|ux 'îñîò ïîëåâîé, ìîëî÷àé' ( < *Korgag|u with secondary -x; Àøì. XVI, 194: xur xuxi, xur xuxxi, xor xúvúx) face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 306.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.dy face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pine tree face="Times New Roman Star"ñîñíà face="Times New Roman Star"xara-xazy face="Times New Roman Star"xyrú face="Times New Roman Star"kytyan 'juniper' face="Times New Roman Star"xady face="Times New Roman Star"xady face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 291-292, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 179. Most languages reflect the compound *Kara-ka.dy (borrowed in Mong. as qarag|ai 'larch').
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAn|yr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to bend face="Times New Roman Star"ãíóòü face="Times New Roman Star"kanyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qe|nir- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"Ganyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Gan|yr- face="Times New Roman Star"xa:ri-tart- 'to change direction, turn sharply' face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 194-195.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"gsu"n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"nape face="Times New Roman Star"çàòûëîê face="Times New Roman Star"su"sgu"n (OUygh.) 'backside, rump' face="Times New Roman Star"su"gsu"n, su"jsu"n (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) su"ksu"n (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"su"jsu"n face="Times New Roman Star"su"skenek face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 856, Ëåêñèêà 234-235, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.nkaj face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"young of ungulates (less than 1-year-old) face="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø êîïûòíûõ æèâîòíûõ (äî ãîäà) face="Times New Roman Star"anaj face="Times New Roman Star"yn|a:x 'young of ungulates and bears' face="Times New Roman Star"anaj, Todzh. a'naj face="Times New Roman Star"anhaj face="Times New Roman Star"Ðàññàäèí 154.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAlba face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wild garlic, leek face="Times New Roman Star"÷åðåìøà face="Times New Roman Star"? qalma 'a k. of food' (Rach.) face="Times New Roman Star"xalba face="Times New Roman Star"qalba face="Times New Roman Star"qalma face="Times New Roman Star"xylba face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 227. Cf. an OT (MK ) Hapax keleb 'a tender plant which grows in the Turk's summer pastures and fattens livestock quickly' (EDT 716), keleb-le- 'to be covered by this plant (of a mountain)', for which cf. also Sak. kalarba" 'a k. of plant, whose root is used in medicine' (Bailey 35). See also Ñòåáëèí-Êàìåíñêèé 1982 , 77, comparing the Sak. form with Pers., Tadzh. kalam 'cabbage' (> Turkm. kelem) - these all may be variously transformed substratum loanwords, cf. also Greek kramba": 'cabbage, radish, rutabaga' - according to Frisk possibly < Pelasg.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":ku" face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hole in ice face="Times New Roman Star"ïîëûíüÿ face="Times New Roman Star"o"g|u" face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku" face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju" face="Times New Roman Star"vagú face="Times New Roman Star"u"ki face="Times New Roman Star"u"ki face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 517, VEWT 370.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"bru"g face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"drum face="Times New Roman Star"áàðàáàí face="Times New Roman Star"ku"bru"g (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"vru"g (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kewru"g (Osm.) face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar. ) ku"wru" (Qutb ), ku"vru"g (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 690-691.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:p face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 caul 2 virgin's hymen 3 scrotum 4 bladder 5 afterbirth face="Times New Roman Star"1 îáîëî÷êà ïëîäà 2 äåâñòâåííàÿ ïëåâà 3 ìîøîíêà 4 ïóçûðü 5 ïîñëåä face="Times New Roman Star"qap (MK ) 1, qapaq (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qapc?yq 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyc?aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qapc?yq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pc?ek 5 face="Times New Roman Star"xapc?yq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 578, 583; ÝÑÒß 5, 266-267 (the root should be probably distinguished from the homonymous *Ka:p 'sack, cover' q. v. sub *k[a:]p`a/ ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Eltiri face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"skin of kid or lamb face="Times New Roman Star"øêóðà êîçëåíêà èëè ÿãíåíêà, êàðàêóëü face="Times New Roman Star"elri, eldiri (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"elteri (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ilti>r face="Times New Roman Star"eltirik (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"a"ltera" face="Times New Roman Star"elteri, elter (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri> face="Times New Roman Star"eltiri face="Times New Roman Star"ilti>r face="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>, eltir face="Times New Roman Star"eltiri face="Times New Roman Star"eltir face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, ÝÑÒß 1, 269-270.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to blow face="Times New Roman Star"äóòü face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"o"r- face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (Pav. C. , AH , Houts. ), hu"r- (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|r- face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"o"r- face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 195-196, ÝÑÒß 1, 635-636, Stachowski 253.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jabl/an face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wormwood face="Times New Roman Star"ïîëûíü face="Times New Roman Star"japc?an, javc?an (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jaws?an face="Times New Roman Star"jovs?an face="Times New Roman Star"c?as?pan face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 53-55, EDT 872.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(j)ip- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"violet-coloured, purple face="Times New Roman Star"ôèîëåòîâûé, áîðäîâûé face="Times New Roman Star"jipin, jipgin face="Times New Roman Star"jipkil (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|pk@w|n 'deep-coloured' face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpen| face="Times New Roman Star"ipkin face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 877, 874, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 197.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kur/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"Northern slope face="Times New Roman Star"ñåâåðíûé ñêëîí face="Times New Roman Star"quz (Yen.); qury 'West' (Orkh.), face="Times New Roman Star"quz (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"koz, guz (dial.), kuzej face="Times New Roman Star"quz (AH , Pav. C. ), quzaj (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"quz face="Times New Roman Star"qozan 'sunset' (Mal.) face="Times New Roman Star"Guzej face="Times New Roman Star"Guzaj face="Times New Roman Star"xosxar 'Polar star' face="Times New Roman Star"qusqaj (Áàñê. Òóáà ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 305, EDT 680, ÝÑÒß 6, 106-107.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bEd-le (?) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"such, similar, so face="Times New Roman Star"òàêîé, ïîäîáíûé, òàêèì îáðàçîì face="Times New Roman Star"bo"jle (Tefs. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"jle, (dial.) bele; (dial.) bile-m 'myself' etc. face="Times New Roman Star"bejle, bo"jle (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bejla", bela", dial. bila"-m 'myself' etc. face="Times New Roman Star"bejle face="Times New Roman Star"bejde (Kumd.) face="Times New Roman Star"bila"-m, bila"-si, bila"-miz 'myself, himself, ourselves' etc. ( < Az.) face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 107-108. Cf. perhaps also Yak. bet-tex (Dolg. bettek) 'here, closely', Yak., Dolg. betere: 'this, nearest side' (although it may go back to *bet 'face'; derivation < *be-ru" 'this side' in ÝÑÒß 2, 124, followed by Stachowski 59, is hardly plausible). The sometimes proposed explanation as *bu ile, i.e. "together with it" or "by means of it" is not quite acceptable for semantic reasons. As for the Oghuz variants with a labialized vowels, they may have an assimilative origin. But on the whole the attribution of the Turkic form is still dubious (although the semantic derivation "similar, such as" < "face, looks" seems to be quite common in Altaic).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tydyn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"time, appointed time face="Times New Roman Star"ñðîê face="Times New Roman Star"tydyn (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyd|yn face="Times New Roman Star"tyna (3 Sg. Dat.) 'ïðîìåæóòîê ðàáî÷åãî âðåìåíè îò îäíîé ïåðåäûøêè äî äðóãîé' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 457.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAdna- ( ? -j-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to long for face="Times New Roman Star"æåëàòü, ñòðåìèòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"jajna- dial. 'to suffer, worry' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- face="Times New Roman Star"jajna-, d/ajna- 'to pine' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 179, ÝÑÒß 4, 80. The stem seems to be distinct from the homonymous *jadna- ( ? *jajna-) 'to be spread; be wide open (eyes)' which may be derived from *jA:d- 'spread' q. v. sub *z?|a:dV (see ÝÑÒß 4, 79); let us note, however, that many of the reflexes of the latter may actually reflect our *jadna- 'to long for, miss' (cf. especially Kirgh. z?|ajna- 'to stare with envy and hope', Tur. jajna- 'to live in prosperity' etc.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*syg face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"shallow face="Times New Roman Star"ìåëêèé face="Times New Roman Star"syq (syg|) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sy:, syq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"syg| face="Times New Roman Star"sy:k face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 415, EDT 804, ÝÑÒß 7.
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